Exploring the effects of entecavir treatment on the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver combined with chronic hepatitis B in Tibet region / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To explore the efficacy of entecavir antiviral therapy on the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) combined with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Tibet region. Methods: HBeAg-positive CHB patients who were treated with entecavir in the outpatient and inpatient Department of Infectious Diseases of the Tibet Autonomous Region people's Hospital between January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 140 subjects with CHB, 95 cases were CHB alone, and the other 45 cases were diagnosed as CHB combined with NAFLD by ultrasound. All patients were given entecavir 0.5 mg orally once daily on an empty stomach for 48 weeks. HBeAg negative conversion rate, blood glucose, blood lipid, liver function and the degree of liver fibrosis were compared between the two groups at the 12th, 24th and 48th weeks of treatment to evaluate the virological response. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to process the data. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (x¯±s). Descriptive statistical analysis was used for t-test, and the categorical variables were expressed as percentage (%) and χ2 test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After 48 weeks of treatment, the HBeAg and HBV DNA negative conversion rate were significantly better in patients with CHB alone (group B) than CHB combined with NAFLD (group A), that is to say, HBeAg negative conversion rate in group A and B patients were 28.90% and 40%, respectively, and group B was better than group A. HBV DNA negative conversion rate was significantly elevated in group B (83.2%) than group A (64.4%), with statistical significance (P<0.05), and the difference between the both groups was statistically significant. Alanine aminotransferase level was significantly decreased in patients with CHB alone than patients with CHB combined with NAFLD. Aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index was significantly decreased after treatment than before treatment in both group of patients, and the depletion was more pronounced in CHB alone group. Liver stiffness values were significantly decreased in patients with CHB combined with NAFLD than CHB alone group. Moreover, liver stiffness values was higher in group A than group B before treatment under the influence of fat attenuation factors, and the differences before treatment and after treatment were 3.50±4.66 and 2.05±2.53, respectively; however, group B was not affected by fat attenuation factors, so LSM value reduction in group A was more obvious, and the differences were statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in blood glucose and blood lipids levels before and after treatment between the two groups. Conclusion: NAFLD has a certain effect on antiviral therapy and liver fibrosis in patients with CHB, i.e., the effect of antiviral therapy in patients with CHB alone is better than patients with CHB combined with NAFLD. Patients with CHB combined with NAFLD when treated with antiviral therapy had a significantly greater degree of liver stiffness reduction than patients with CHB alone. Therefore, it is necessary to actively intervene the risk factors associated with NAFLD according to the actual situation of different individuals to improve clinical efficacy of antiviral therapy.

Strengthening medical ethics education in clinical practice of internal medicine / 上海预防医学

With rapid society development and the constant changes in people's thinking， the medical ethics issue has become more prominent. Medical interns are often facing ethical problems in clinical practice. Due to the lack of understanding of the experience in medical ethics， they often handle the problems poorly， which leads to intensified disputes between doctors and patients. The paper discusses some ethical problems that often appear in the clinical practice of internal medicine， and suggests several methods to improve the medical ethics education of interns in the clinical process.

Evaluation of medium to long term efficacy of balloon dilation in the treatment of aural fullness as chief complaint / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

To discuss the characteristics of symptoms improvement based on the follow-up evaluation of Eustachian tube balloon dilation medium to long-term efficacy in patients with symptomatic Eustachian tube dysfunction (SETD). Patients from 2015 to 2017 were followed up after Eustachian tube balloon dilation (with the sense of aural fullness, or tinnitus and hearing ambiguity). All participants had been done ETDQ-7 before surgery and were re-evaluated with ETDQ-7 in follow-up. The improvement of overall and individual symptoms scores in ETDQ-7, the effects of gender and the difference of scores at different stages (12-18 months, 18-24 months and 24-30 months) after the operation were analyzed. There were 29 patients, including 16 males and 13 females, whose age ranged from 20 to 62 years old. The medium to long-term score of ETDQ-7 significantly declined after surgery (27.0±7.9 . 14.1±7.5, 0.05). Among all symptoms, symptoms like "blockage feeling in ear or being like under the water, constriction feeling" , "sound of blisters or explosions in the ear" decreased obviously (0.05). Comparing different stages after surgery, the scores of ETDQ-7 existed no difference (0.05). And the difference of gender showed no significant influence on surgery effects. The subjective symptoms of patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction diagnosed with SETD can be significantly improved in the medium to long-term follow-up after Eustachian tube balloon dilation, and the degree of improvement is not linearly related to the postoperative time.

Effect of initial intervention based on white blood cell count measured within 2 hours postoperatively to treat uroseptic shock induced by upper urinary tract endoscopic lithotripsy (UUTEL) : animal experiments and clinical study / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate whether initial intervention based on WBC measured within 2 hours postoperatively can reverse the uroseptic shock induced by UUTEL.Methods From May,2015 to July 2015,24 female New Zealand rabbits,weighing 2.0-2.5 kg,born 2-3 months,used as uroseptic shock model.Their ureters were ligated and followed by injection of Escherichia coli solution into the renal pelvis.Then,those animals were randomly assigned into control group(the first group)and experimental groups (the second group,the third group).Each group had 8 rabbits initially.The first group did not receive sensitive antibiotic or fluid resuscitation.The second group received imipenem and cilastatin sodium 15mg/kg and normal saline 5 ml/kg 2 hours postoperatively.The third group received sensitive antibiotic and fluid resuscitation the same dosage as the second group 6 hours postoperatively.Mean arterial pressure(MAP) was recorded for 10 hours and survival rate of all groups for 72h postoperatively was recorded..The clinical data of 46 patients whose WBC count less than 2.85 × 109/L within two hours after UUTEL were analyzed retrospectively.These patients were divided into two groups based on the time of intervention.Group A including 19 patients received routine antibiotic,fluid therapy,low-dose corticosteroids when there was symptom of shock.Group B including 27 patients immediately received resuscitation bundle protocol when there was a drastic decrease in WBC.The incidence of septic shock,the rate of intubation,length of stay in ICU,length of stay in hospital postoperatively,hospitalization cost and survival rate of these two groups were compared.Results All 8 rabbits of the first group died within 72 h,postoperatively and the median time of survival was 11 h.None of the second group rabbits developed shock and all rabbits survived 72 h after operation.6/8 rabbits of the third group survived 72 h after operation.15 patients in Group A and 3 patients in Group B experienced acute uroseptic shock (P ＜ 0.05).11 patients in Group A and one patients in Group B underwent tracheal intubation (P ＜ 0.05).18 patients in Group A and 6 patients in Group B were transferred to ICU(P ＜ 0.05),and their length of stay in ICU was (10.8 ± 5.4) d and (7.5 ± 2.8) d,respectively(P ＞ 0.05).The length of stay in hospital and hospitalization cost of Group A and B were (19 ± 9.8)d vs.(7 ±4.7)d(P ＜0.05),(94 583 ±51 623) RMB vs.(35 389 ± 16 342) RMB respectively (P ＜ 0.05).One patient in Group A died due to acute uroseptic shock and none of Group B died.Conclusions Our animal model and clinical cohort study showed that initial intervention based on WBC mneasured within 2 hours postoperatively can reverse the uroseptic shock induced by UUTEL and improve the prognosis.

Protective effect of Ento-I plastic against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To research the protective effect of Ento-I against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and to evaluate its analgesic and anticoagulating effects in mice. Methods The ischemic model was established with line embolism to block the middle cerebral artery of male rats. The 56 rats were randomly assigned into 7 groups of sham-operation, blank-matrix, normal saline, Ento-I plastic of 3 doses (6.67, 3.33, 1.67 mg/kg), and ozagrel sodium (8.3 mg/kg, ip). The effect of Ento-I plastic on anti-cerebral ischemia was measured by nervous function scores and the areas of cerebral infarction were determined by TTC staining for the calculation of cerebral infarction rates. The analgesic effect of Ento-I plastic was determined with acetic acid-induced twisting experiment. Sixty KM mice were randomly allocated into blank-matrix, aspirin, aspirin-plastic, and Ento-I plastic of 3 doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), the number of mouse twisting were recorded right after intraperitoneal injection of 0.7% acetic acid solution at the time of 1 h after the last administration. Moreover, the anticoagulant activity of Ento-I plastic was tested by glass capillary method. Results The results of acetic acid-induced twisting experiment displayed that Ento-I plastic of all 3 dose groups (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) could significantly reduce the number of body torsion and increase the inhibitory rates of twisting, compared with that of blank matrix group (the inhibitory rates of twisting for 3 dose groups were 21.79%, 48.89%, and 56.15%, respectively), with dose-response manner. According to the results of glass capillary test, the clotting time of mouse blood could be significantly prolonged by mid- (10 mg/ kg) and low-dose (5 mg/kg) of Ento-I plastic with corresponding clotting time of (155.20±54.19) s and (155.80±73.84) s, compared with normal saline group at (92.10±24.61) and blank-matrix group at (80.40±48.09, P<0.05). The experiment results of the isch emia-reperfusion injury by line embolism method in rats exhibited that Ento-I plastic in mid-dose (3.33 mg/kg) could significantly re duce the neurological scores after 24 h of reperfusion injury, from (2.33±0.52) of normal saline group to (1.00±0.00) of mid-dose group (P<0.01). The results from TTC staining revealed that the cerebral infarction rates of normal saline group and blank- matrix group were (24.89±7.24) % and (27.72±7.89)%, respectively, whereas those of 6.67 mg/kg and 3.33 mg/kg group of Ento-I plastic were (14.01±2.65) % and (14.73±4.94)%, respectively. Compared to the 2 negative-control groups, both the high- and mid-dose of Ento-I plastic could significantly reduce the cerebral infarction rates after ischemic reperfusion injury in rats (P<0.01). Conclusion Ento-I plastic demonstrates strong analgesic and anticoagulant effects, and could substantially reduce the neurological scores and reduce cerebral infarction rates for ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. These are likely to be the mechanism of action for Ento-I plastic realizing its anti-cerebral ischemia effect.

Changes of HCN4, Cx43 Expression in the Sinoatrial Node of Electric Shock Death / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4 (HCN4) and connexin43 (Cx43) in the sinoatrial node of electric shock death.@*METHODS@#As experimental group, 34 cases of electric shock death who had definite current mark evidence were selected from pathology department of Xuzhou Medical College from 2010 to 2013. As the control group, 20 cases of fatal severe craniocerebral injury in traffic accidents were chosen. The expressions of HCN4 and Cx43 in the sinoatrial node were observed by immunohistochemical technology.@*RESULTS@#HCN4 positive cells expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of the sinoatrial node. Cx43 positive cells expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of T cells and myocardial cells. The expression of HCN4 was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05) and the expression of Cx43 was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The changes of HCN4 and Cx43 expressions in the sinoatrial node illustrate electric shock death might be related to the abnormalities of cardiac electrophysiology and conduction.

Therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline on rat diabetic model and insulin resistant model via reduction of oxidative stress / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Molecular hydrogen, as a novel antioxidant, has been proven effective in treating many diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline in treatment of a rat model of diabetes mellitus and a rat model of insulin resistant.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat diabetes mellitus model was established by feeding a high fat/high carbohydrate diet followed by injection of a small dose of streptozotocin, and an insulin resistant model was induced with a high glucose and high fat diet. Hydrogen saturated saline was administered to rats with both models conditions on a daily basis for eight weeks. A pioglitazone-treated group and normal saline-treated group served as positive and negative controls. The general condition, body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids, and serum insulin levels of rats were examined at the 8th week after treatment. The oxidative stress indices, including serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated after eight weeks of treatment using the commercial kits.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hydrogen saturated saline showed great efficiency in improving the insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose and lipids. Meanwhile, the therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline were superior to those of pioglitazone. Hydrogen saturated saline markedly attenuated the MDA level and elevated the levels of antioxidants SOD and GSH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hydrogen saturated saline may improve the insulin resistance and alleviate the symptoms of diabetes mellitus by reducing the oxidative stress and enhancing the anti-oxidant system.</p>

Intensive glycemic control and macrovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>There is no agreement as to whether intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes can reduce the incidence of macrovascular events in these patients. We performed a meta-analysis comparing intensive glucose control or conventional glucose control in randomized controlled trials.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane controlled trials register, the Cochrane Library, and Science Citation Index were searched to find relevant trials. Outcome measures were the incidence of major macrovascular events.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six trials involving 28 065 patients were included. Analysis suggested that there was an obviously decreased incidence of major macrovascular events in patients having intensive glucose treatment vs. controls (RR 0.92; 95%CI 0.87, 0.98; P = 0.005). However, intensive glycemia control strategies in type 2 diabetes showed no significant impact on the incidence of death from any cause compared with conventional glycemia control strategies, intensive 14.7%, controls 12.0% (RR 0.95; 95%CI 0.80, 1.12; P = 0.55), as well as on the incidence of cardiovascular death, intensive 3.7%, controls 3.6% (RR 1.10, 95%CI 0.79, 1.53; P = 0.57).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Control of glycemia to normal (or near normal levels) in type 2 diabetes appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of major macrovascular events, but there were no significant differences of either the mortality from any cause or from cardiovascular death between the two glycemia-control strategies.</p>

Effect of rosiglitazone on expression of CD36 in peripheral monocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To observe the expression of CD36 in peripheral monocytes in patients with Type 2 diabetes, and to study the influence of rosiglitazone on CD36 expression and the related the mechanism. Methods: The expression of CD36 in the peripheral monocytes of patients with Type 2 diabetes was measured by flow cytometry before and after rosiglitazone treatment; the correlation between monocytes CD36 expression and metabolic index was analyzed. Results: Flow cytometry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of monocyte CD36 in Type 2 diabetes was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls(745.9±281.3 vs 406.3±80.2, P<0.01). CD36 MFI in patients with Type 2 diabetes atherosclerosis was significantly higher than that in patients with Type 2 diabetes non-atherosclerosis (878.2 ± 296.1 vs 584.2 ± 148.3, P<0.01). Besides, we also found that CD36 expression, fasting blood glucose(FBG), post-prandial blood glucose(PBG), hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), FIN, PIN, and HOMA-IR were all significantly decreased after rosiglitazone intervention compared with those before rosiglitazone intervetion and placebo group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between monocyte CD36 expression with FBG(r=0.55, P<0.05), HbA1c(r=0.62, P<0.01), and HOMA-IR(r=0.64, P<0.01); but the expression was not correlated with PBG, FIN, or PIN. Conclusion: The increased expression of CD36 in monocytes of patients with Type 2 diabetes may be one of the mechanisms for accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Rosiglitazone can decrease CD36 expression in monocytes through effectively controlling the blood glucose and decreasing insulin resistance.

Metabolism of trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucoside in vitro in rat tissues / 药学学报

To study the metabolism of trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucoside (TRG) in vitro in rat tissues, the incubation with cell-free extracts from rat stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and liver was performed, separately. After TRG was incubated with the tissue extracts at 37 degrees C for up to 90 min, the deglycosylation of TRG was (3.50 +/- 0.24) % for stomach, (65.7 +/- 5.94)% for duodenum, (83.5 +/- 6.43)% for jejunum, (77.6 +/- 6.26)% for ileum and (9.62 +/- 1.21)% for liver, separately. It was observed that the small intestine extracts were more active in deglycosylation of TRG than the liver extract, which suggested that the small intestine mucosa played an important role in deglycosylation of TRG. It was assumed that the deglycosylation of TRG was catalyzed by beta-glucosidase in small intestine mucosa.

Sequence polymorphism of the promoter region of gene STK11 in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between the sequence variation of the promoter region (-1543 approximately -1160) of STK11 gene and the risk of developing Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS).@*METHODS@#The sequences of the promoter region of 14 PJS patients (7 patients are inherited and the other 7 patients are sporadic) and 42 normal individuals were PCR amplified and then sequenced.@*RESULTS@#A new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G/T (-1275) in STK11 promoter region was identified. The frequency of genotype GG, GT, and TT was 53.3%, 26.7%, and 20%, respectively among PJS patients and 33.3%, 64.3%, and 2.4%, respectively among the normal individuals. The frequency of genotype GG and TT among patients was significantly higher than that among the normal individuals, and the frequency of genotype GT among patients was significantly lower than that among the normal individuals (chi(2)=8.521, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#G/T(-1275) in STK11 promoter region is a new SNP. The genotype of this new SNP may relate to the risk of developing Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) deserve further research.

Brain impairment induced by oral intake of lead and its effects on expression of Hoxa9 Gen in Rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of oral intake of lead on the expression of Hoxa9 gen and the ability of learning and memory and explore the the toxic molecular mechanisms of lead.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty male Wistar rats were chosen and randomly divided into the low lead dosage group, the high lead dosage group and the control group, 10 rats in each group. The low lead dosage group and the high lead dosage group were given respectively 0.06%, 0.2% lead acetate orally while the control group was given distilled water orally. The Y-maze test was used to measure the ability of learning and memory, the graphite heat atomic absorption spectrum method to determine the lead concentration in blood and brain, and the in situ hybridization (ISH) method to determine the expression of Hoxa9 mRNA in brain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The number of electric shocks of the lead poisoned rats were significantly increased over time. The number of electric shocks of the lead poisoning rats was much higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01) (at the end of the experiment, the low lead dosage group: 31.8 +/- 2.26; the high lead dosage group: 37.3 +/- 1.70; the control group: 18.4 +/- 1.51). (2) The brain of the lead poisoned rats including the hippocampus, the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex were significantly atrophic and the apoptosis and necrosis occurred in the cells of the brain. Purkinje's cells in the cerebellum showed significant necrosis and disappearance. The structure of brain in rats of the control group demonstrated no atrophy. (3) The expression of Hoxa9 mRNA in the lead poisoned rats was significantly decreased compared with the control group. There were few Hoxa9 positive cells in the brain of the lead poisoned rats, but many of them were observed in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lead may inhibit the expression of Hoxa9 and induce atrophy and necrosis of brain, which gives rise to a damage of learning and memory.</p>

Electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry of eight aminoglycoside antibiotics / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the dissociation pathways of aminoglycoside antibiotics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In positive mode, eight aminoglycoside antibiotics were elucidated by use of electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry in the multi-stage MS full scan mode.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was demonstrated that the eight aminoglycoside antibiotics gave abundant product ions at m/z 322 (gentamicin, micronomicin and sisomicin), m/z 350 (etimicin, netilmicin and vetilmicin) and m/z 324 (kanamycin and tobramycin) by loss of the C-ring (amino-alpha-D-glucopyranose) in MS2 full scan mode. In MS3 full scan mode, the prominent fragmentation ions at m/z 163 as well as m/z 191 were formed from the fragmentation ions at m/z 322, m/z 350 and m/z 324 by loss of the A-ring (amino-alpha-D-glucopyranose), separately, while the characteristic fragmentation ions at m/z 160 as well as m/z 162 were formed from m/z 322, m/z 350 and m/z 324 by loss of the B-ring (2-deoxy-D-streptamine), separately.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The structural information was obtained via collision-activated dissociation and these characteristics are applicable to the structural elucidation and quantitative analysis of aminoglycoside compounds.</p>

Study on the application of artificial neural network on diabetes mellitus/insulin-glucose tolerance classification / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the potential application of artificial neural network (ANN) on the epidemiological classification of disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Learning vector quantification neural network (LVQNN) and discriminate analysis were applied to data from epidemiological survey in a mine in 1996.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The structure of LVQNN was 25-->13-->3. The total veracity rates was 96.98%, and 92.45% among the abnormal blood glucose individuals. Through stepwise discriminate analysis, the discriminate equations were established including 11 variables with a total veracity rate of 87.34%, but was 85.53% in the abnormal blood glucose individuals. Further analysis on 30 cases with missing values showed that the disagreement ratio of LVQ was 1/30, lower than that of discriminate analysis of 7/30.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared to the conventional statistics method, LVQ not only showed better prediction precision, but could treat data with missing values satisfactorily plus it had no limit to the type or distribution of relevant data, thus provided a new powerful method to epidemiologic prediction.</p>

Protective effect of Gastrodia elata and E-gelatin on lead-induced damage to the structure and function of rat hippocampus / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the counteraction of Gastrodia elata and E-gelatin on the effect of subchronic lead poisoning on the ability of learning and memory and the ultrastructure in hippocampus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subchronic lead acetate exposure was given to rats (0.2 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)). Single and combined administration of Gastrodia elata (4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and E-gelatin (1 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) were conducted at the same time. Pb concentration in blood, and the ability of learning and memory (Y-maze test) of rats were measured. Ultrastructure of CA3 pyramidal cells in hippocampus under transmission electron microscope was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Blood Pb concentrations in each group (Pb group: 690.6 micro g/L, Pb + Gastodiae eleta group: 688.8 micro g/L, Pb + E-gelatin group: 663.8 micro g/L, Pb + combined group: 667.2 micro g/L) were higher than that in the control (28.24 micro g/L, P < 0.01). But there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) among these groups. In Y-maze test, the number of electric stroke in Pb group is higher than that in control (P < 0.01). Gastrodia elata or E-gelatin used singly could significantly reduce the number of electric stroke of lead-exposed groups (P < 0.05 in the first month and P < 0.01 in the second and third month). And the effect of combined use of them was more efficient than single use (P < 0.01). Under electron microscope, no anomaly was seen in the pyramidal cells of CA3 area in hippocampus of control group. But there was significant anomaly such as neucleus separation in the cells of Pb exposed group. In Pb-Gastrodia elata group, there were some stress response phenomena such as the occurrence of huge mitochondria while in Pb-E-gelatin group, the anomaly was mild. The cells in the CA3 area in hippocampus of the pb-Gastrodia-E-gelatin group were almost normal, and also showed some stress response phenomena.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gastrodia elata and E-gelatin may protect the neurons in CA3 area of hippocampus against damage induced by lead to improve the ability of learning and memory, and they have synergistic effect.</p>

The antagonistic action of Gastrodia elata combined with E-gelatin on lead-induced down regulation of c-fos expression in rat brain / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of lead on the expression of c-fos mRNA in hippocampus and cerebellum and the ability of learning and memory in rat, and to observe the antagonistic action of Gastrodia elata and E-gelatin on the effect mentioned above.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were exposed to lead acetate (0.2 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) and 0.1 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)). The single and combined administration of Gastrodia elata (4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and E-gelatin (1 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) were conducted at the same time. Blood lead concentration in rats were measured. The ability of learning and memory by Y-maze test were examined. The expression of c-fos mRNA in hippocampus and cerebellum during Y-maze test were observed by in situ hybridization (ISH).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Blood lead concentrations were significantly increased in both high and low doses of lead-exposed rats (P < 0.01). But there were no differences among high dose groups or low dose groups (P > 0.05). (2) In Y-maze test, the number of electric stroke during learning in lead-exposed group was significantly increased (P < 0.01) while that in Gastrodia elata and E-gelatin groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and that in combined use group was more significantly decreased (P < 0.01). (3) There were much more deep-colored c-fos positive cells in CA3 area of hippocampus in low dose of Pb-exposed with Gastrodia elata + E-gelatin group. These cells were also found in high Pb with combined use or single use group, but which were not so densely distributed as the former. And they were hardly found in high and low doses of Pb alone groups. The changes of expression of c-fos cells in cerebellam were similar to those in hippocampus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The down regulation of c-fos expression may be one of the molecular mechanism of lead-induced impairment of learning and memory. Gastrodia elata and E-gelatin may antagonize the effect of lead on c-fos expression, and combined use of both drugs may potentiate the antagonism.</p>

The comparative study of the scanning parameters for diffusion tensor imaging of cervical cord / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the optimal scanning parameters for diffusion tensor imaging of the cervical cord.Methods MRI and diffusion tensor imaging of the cervical cord was performed in 80 healthy adult volunteers.Different parameters including b values,the number of the diffusion sensitive gradient directions,the number of excitations,and slice thickness were applied and their effects on the quality of the images were compared.DTI was performed on the cervical spinal cord with different b-values (400,700,and 1000 s/mm~2)in group 1,with different numbers of diffusion gradient directions(6,13, and 25)in group 2,with different numbers of excitations(2,4,and 8)in group 3,and with different slice thicknesses(2,3,and 4 mm)in group 4.Two radiology experts gave a score to every image with double blind methods,then compared the image quality.Results In the comparison of the four different parameters,DTIs using a b value of 700 s/mm~2(2.25?0.58)showed better image quality than those with the b values of 400 s/mm~2(1.86?0.53)and 1000 s/mm~2(1.48?0.35)(P